Investigating the Interaction Effect of the Structure-Tunnel and the Method of Structure Modeling on the Surface Settlement of the Ground with the Hardening Soil Model (Urmia Lake Sand)
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Aeen Kamal Higher Education Institute, Urmia, Iran
2
Dep. Civil. Eng of AEEN KAMAL Higher Education Insitute
Abstract
Nowadays, urban tunnels have been considered to relieve traffic caused by population growth, but tunnel construction causes changes in the surface deformation of the ground. Therefore, this study examines the changes in the ground deformation caused by the presence of surface structures and how to model them using the Plaxis software. The hardening soil model (Urmia Lake sand) has been used for the bed soil, which is in good agreement with the results of the experimental settlement analysis. With the presence of surface structures, the settlement increases rapidly. The settlement of the tunnel with H/D=1 in virgin soil is 38 mm, and with the implementation of 5 and 10-story structures, the settlement is 55 and 84 mm (an increase of 45 and 121 percent), but in the tunnel with H/D=4 in virgin soil, it is 14 mm, and with the implementation of structures, the settlement is 16 and 21 mm (an increase of 14 and 50%). According to the analysis of the stiffness effect of the structure and foundation (by the equivalent beam method), considering the stiffness effect can reduce the results of displacements. So that the maximum settlement in the tunnel axis with H/D=1 without the stiffness effect (applying the surface structure loading) is 95 mm and with the stiffness effect it is reduced to about 84 mm (13% reduction). Also, the settlement pattern under the foundation has also moved out of the Gaussian curve and has taken on a flatter shape. However, this reduction in settlement occurs in the foundation area and after the intersection of the two curves, the presence of the foundation causes an increase in induced stresses and, as a result, an increase in settlement, which can damage adjacent structures. However, in the tunnel with H/D=4, this effect is less.
Mohammadi, V., & Sarboland, B. (2025). Investigating the Interaction Effect of the Structure-Tunnel and the Method of Structure Modeling on the Surface Settlement of the Ground with the Hardening Soil Model (Urmia Lake Sand). Civil Engineering and new Technologies, 6(6), -.
MLA
Vahid Mohammadi; Babak Sarboland. "Investigating the Interaction Effect of the Structure-Tunnel and the Method of Structure Modeling on the Surface Settlement of the Ground with the Hardening Soil Model (Urmia Lake Sand)", Civil Engineering and new Technologies, 6, 6, 2025, -.
HARVARD
Mohammadi, V., Sarboland, B. (2025). 'Investigating the Interaction Effect of the Structure-Tunnel and the Method of Structure Modeling on the Surface Settlement of the Ground with the Hardening Soil Model (Urmia Lake Sand)', Civil Engineering and new Technologies, 6(6), pp. -.
VANCOUVER
Mohammadi, V., Sarboland, B. Investigating the Interaction Effect of the Structure-Tunnel and the Method of Structure Modeling on the Surface Settlement of the Ground with the Hardening Soil Model (Urmia Lake Sand). Civil Engineering and new Technologies, 2025; 6(6): -.
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